Sentence কে মূলত ২টি প্রধান ভাগে ভাগ করা যায়। Sentence এর অর্থানুসারে এবং গঠন অনুসারে। Sentence এর প্রকারভেদ নিচের গ্রাফের মাধ্যমে দেখানো হলো:
উপরের চার্টে আমরা দেখছি গঠনানুসারে Sentence ৩ প্রকার। Let's go in depth of these three types.
Simple: যে Sentence এ ১টি Subject এবং ১টি সমাপিকা অথবা Finite Verb থাকে তাকে Simple Sentence বলে।
Example:
I play in the field with my friends.
I like watching movies in TV.
Complex Sentence: যে Sentence এ ২টি Subject এবং ২টি Finite Verb থাকে তাকে Complex Sentence বলে।
Example:
If you render your help, I will be greatly benefited.
As you were absent yesterday, you could not expect to have the attendance.
Compound Sentence: যে Sentence ২টি Subject এবং ২টি Finite Verb থাকে এবং ২টি বাক্যাংশ and,but,or দ্বারা যুক্ত হয় তাকে Compound Sentence বলে।
Example:
I was present there in the meeting and observed the situation going on.
He earned a huge sum of money in his lifetime but could not be respected & loved by people.
এখন,অর্থানুসারে Sentence কে আবার ৫ ভাগে ভাগ কর যায়। নিচে সেগুলোর উদাহরণ সহ বিস্তারিত আলোচনা করা হলো:
Assertive Sentence: কোন কিছুর বর্ণনা প্রকাশ পেলে তাকে Assertive Sentence বলে।
Assertive Sentence এর বর্ণনা ২প্রকার হতে পারে। যেমন:
i) Affirmative
ii) Negative
Affirmative : হ্যা বোধক। Assertive Sentence কে Affirmative Sentence বলে।
I Love playing cricket.
Negative: না বোধক Assertive Sentence কে Negative Sentence বলে।
I do not hate playing cricket.
Interrogative Sentence: যে বাক্যে কোন প্রশ্ন করা হয় বুঝায়,তাকে Interrogative Sentence বলে।
Example:
Don't you love playing cricket?
Do you love playing cricket?
Imperative Sentence: আদেশ,উপদেশ,নিষেধ,অনুরোধ বুঝায় যে Sentence তাকে Imperative Sentence বলে।
Example:
Do the work. (order)
Do not make noise in the classroom. (Forbade)
Always speak the truth. (Advice)
Give me a glass of water,please. (Request)
Optative Sentence: যে বাক্যে প্রার্থনা কিংবা শুভকামনা করা হয় তাকে Optative Sentence বলে।
Exclamatory Sentence: আনন্দ,উচ্ছাস,আবেগ,সুখ,দুঃখ ইত্যাদি বুঝালে তাকে Exclamatory Sentence বলে।
Example:
How wonderful the environment is!
How sweetly the bird chirps!
What a pity it is!
Alas! He is undone.
Monday, July 17, 2017
Changing Of Five Types Of Sentence.
Affirmative to Negative
1. Only/Alone যুক্ত Affirmative Sentence কে Negative করার সময় নিম্নোক্ত পরিবর্তন আসবে।
Only/Alone- None but (ব্যক্তি বুঝালে)
Only- Nothing but (বস্তু বুঝালে)
Only - Not more than (সংখ্যা বুঝালে)
Example:
Aff: Only Allah can rescue me from this situation.
Neg: None but Allah can rescue me from this situation.
Aff: This is only the beginning.
Neg: This is nothing but the beginning.
Aff : He has got only 10 marks.
Neg: He has got not more than 10 marks.
2. Affirmative থেকে Negative করার সময় নিচের word গুলো নিম্নোক্ত ভাবে পরিবর্তিত হবে।
Must- cannot but/cannot help (এরপর verb+ing হবে)
Both-and---not only-but also
Example:
Aff: I must complete the work before the deadline.
Neg: I cannot but complete the work before the deadline.
or, I cannot help completing the work before the deadline.
Aff: Both I and Mizan have a blogspot account.
Neg: Not only I but also Mizan have a blogspot account.
3. যদি উপরের কোন word না থাকে তথাপি Affirmative থেকে Negative করতে বলা হয়,সেক্ষেত্রে বুঝতে হবে প্রদত্ত বাক্যটিতে অবশ্যই একটি Adjective দেওয়া আছে এবং তার জন্য নিচের গঠনটি অনুসরণ করতে হবে।
Subject+Verb+not+প্রদত্ত Adjective টির বিপরীত শব্দ+বাকি অংশ।
Example:
Aff: He is a healthy man.
Neg: He is not an unhealthy man.
Aff: You should be very punctual in your way of life.
Neg: You should not be very late in your way of life.
নিচে কিছু গুরুত্বপূর্ণ শব্দের বিপরীত শব্দ দেওয়া হলো:
Honest-dishonest good-bad
small - big
best-worst
discipline - Undiscipline
Strong - Weak
Satisfaction -dissatisfaction
Always- Never
Ever- Never
Remember-forget
Strong - weak
Mortal - Immortal
Morality - Immorality
Punctual - Late
Thick- Thin
Fatty - Slim
Assertive-Interrogative
Assertive Sentence কে Interrogative করার সময় ২টি নিয়ম আছে।
i) Auxiliary Verb থাকলে:
A.V+(n't)+Subject+বাকি অংশ
এখানে ব্র্যাকেটে n't লিখার অর্থ হলো যদি প্রদত্ত Sentence টি Affirmative হয় তাহলে Not আসবে এবং প্রদত্ত Sentence টি neg হলে নতুন করে আর not আনতে হবেনা। not সবসময় n't দিয়দ বসবে।
Example:
He is my best friend.
Isn't he my best friend?
This is not a copy post.
Is this a copy post?
ii) যদি A.v না থেকে মূল verb থাকে সেক্ষেত্রে নিচের গঠন অনুসরণ করতে হবে।
Do/does/did/+(n't)+subject+verb এর present form+ বাকি অংশ
Nothing-anything এবং never-ever হবে।
Example:
Assertive: He knows nothing.
Interrogative: Does he know anything?
Assertive: I will never do this.
Interrogative: Will I ever do this?
Assertive: I went there with my cousin.
Interrogative: Didn't I go there with my cousin?
Imperative to Assertive
এই প্রকারের পরিবর্তন খুব বেশি আসেনা। তারপরো যদি আসে তাহলে নিচের গঠনটি হবে।
You should+ বাকি অংশ
Example:
Imp: Do it now.
Ass: You should do it now.
Imp: Help the poor.
Ass: You should help the poor.
Optative to Assertive
এটাও খুব বেশি আসেনা। এই প্রকার Sentence অবশ্যই May দিয়ে শুরু হবে এবং নিচের গঠন অনুসরণ করতে হবে।
Sub+might+বাকি অংশ
Opt: May Allah bless you.
Ass: Allah might bless you.
Assertive to Exclamatory
এই প্রকার sentence পরিবর্তন করার জন্য নিচের গঠন দু'টি follow করতে হবে :
Assertive: Subject+ V+ (a)+ very/great+adjective/adverb/noun+extension
Exclamatory : How/what+(a)+adj/adv/noun+ext+sub+v+!
A থাকতেও পারে নাও থাকতে পারে। থাকলে বসবে,নয়তো না। যদি a থাকে তাহলে হবে what আর যদি না থাকে তাহলে হবে how
pity,fool,beauty এই ৩টি word এর জন্য হবে great আর বাকিক্ষেত্রে হবে very.
Assertive: This is great beauty.
Exclam: What a beauty this is!
Assertive: The bird sings beautifully.
Exclam: How beautifully the bird sings!
1. Only/Alone যুক্ত Affirmative Sentence কে Negative করার সময় নিম্নোক্ত পরিবর্তন আসবে।
Only/Alone- None but (ব্যক্তি বুঝালে)
Only- Nothing but (বস্তু বুঝালে)
Only - Not more than (সংখ্যা বুঝালে)
Example:
Aff: Only Allah can rescue me from this situation.
Neg: None but Allah can rescue me from this situation.
Aff: This is only the beginning.
Neg: This is nothing but the beginning.
Aff : He has got only 10 marks.
Neg: He has got not more than 10 marks.
2. Affirmative থেকে Negative করার সময় নিচের word গুলো নিম্নোক্ত ভাবে পরিবর্তিত হবে।
Must- cannot but/cannot help (এরপর verb+ing হবে)
Both-and---not only-but also
Example:
Aff: I must complete the work before the deadline.
Neg: I cannot but complete the work before the deadline.
or, I cannot help completing the work before the deadline.
Aff: Both I and Mizan have a blogspot account.
Neg: Not only I but also Mizan have a blogspot account.
3. যদি উপরের কোন word না থাকে তথাপি Affirmative থেকে Negative করতে বলা হয়,সেক্ষেত্রে বুঝতে হবে প্রদত্ত বাক্যটিতে অবশ্যই একটি Adjective দেওয়া আছে এবং তার জন্য নিচের গঠনটি অনুসরণ করতে হবে।
Subject+Verb+not+প্রদত্ত Adjective টির বিপরীত শব্দ+বাকি অংশ।
Example:
Aff: He is a healthy man.
Neg: He is not an unhealthy man.
Aff: You should be very punctual in your way of life.
Neg: You should not be very late in your way of life.
নিচে কিছু গুরুত্বপূর্ণ শব্দের বিপরীত শব্দ দেওয়া হলো:
Honest-dishonest good-bad
small - big
best-worst
discipline - Undiscipline
Strong - Weak
Satisfaction -dissatisfaction
Always- Never
Ever- Never
Remember-forget
Strong - weak
Mortal - Immortal
Morality - Immorality
Punctual - Late
Thick- Thin
Fatty - Slim
Assertive-Interrogative
Assertive Sentence কে Interrogative করার সময় ২টি নিয়ম আছে।
i) Auxiliary Verb থাকলে:
A.V+(n't)+Subject+বাকি অংশ
এখানে ব্র্যাকেটে n't লিখার অর্থ হলো যদি প্রদত্ত Sentence টি Affirmative হয় তাহলে Not আসবে এবং প্রদত্ত Sentence টি neg হলে নতুন করে আর not আনতে হবেনা। not সবসময় n't দিয়দ বসবে।
Example:
He is my best friend.
Isn't he my best friend?
This is not a copy post.
Is this a copy post?
ii) যদি A.v না থেকে মূল verb থাকে সেক্ষেত্রে নিচের গঠন অনুসরণ করতে হবে।
Do/does/did/+(n't)+subject+verb এর present form+ বাকি অংশ
Nothing-anything এবং never-ever হবে।
Example:
Assertive: He knows nothing.
Interrogative: Does he know anything?
Assertive: I will never do this.
Interrogative: Will I ever do this?
Assertive: I went there with my cousin.
Interrogative: Didn't I go there with my cousin?
Imperative to Assertive
এই প্রকারের পরিবর্তন খুব বেশি আসেনা। তারপরো যদি আসে তাহলে নিচের গঠনটি হবে।
You should+ বাকি অংশ
Example:
Imp: Do it now.
Ass: You should do it now.
Imp: Help the poor.
Ass: You should help the poor.
Optative to Assertive
এটাও খুব বেশি আসেনা। এই প্রকার Sentence অবশ্যই May দিয়ে শুরু হবে এবং নিচের গঠন অনুসরণ করতে হবে।
Sub+might+বাকি অংশ
Opt: May Allah bless you.
Ass: Allah might bless you.
Assertive to Exclamatory
এই প্রকার sentence পরিবর্তন করার জন্য নিচের গঠন দু'টি follow করতে হবে :
Assertive: Subject+ V+ (a)+ very/great+adjective/adverb/noun+extension
Exclamatory : How/what+(a)+adj/adv/noun+ext+sub+v+!
A থাকতেও পারে নাও থাকতে পারে। থাকলে বসবে,নয়তো না। যদি a থাকে তাহলে হবে what আর যদি না থাকে তাহলে হবে how
pity,fool,beauty এই ৩টি word এর জন্য হবে great আর বাকিক্ষেত্রে হবে very.
Assertive: This is great beauty.
Exclam: What a beauty this is!
Assertive: The bird sings beautifully.
Exclam: How beautifully the bird sings!
Saturday, May 20, 2017
Easiest Rules And Techniques To Solve Voice
Transformation of Sentence এর প্রথম পর্বে আমরা আলোচনা করেছি Degree নিয়ে। এবার আমাদের ২য় পর্ব তথা আমরা Voice নিয়ে কথা বলব। শুরুতেই যেটা বলতে চাই, Voice এর অপরিহার্য অংশ হলো Tense, Tense এর ভালো দক্ষতা ছাড়া কিছুতেই Voice Change করা সম্ভব নয়।
২) Modal Auxiliary/to থাকলে নিচের গঠনটি ফলো করতে হয়।
Active: Subject+Modal Auxiliary/to+ verb in present form+obj
Passive: Object+Modal Auxiliary/to+be+verb in past participle+by+Subject
Example:
Active: I can accomplish the work within two days.
Passive: The work can be accomplished within two days by me.
Active: I am going to complete the unfinished work.
Passive: The unfinished work is going to be completed by me.
Active: You have to do it.
Passive: It has to be done by you.
এরপর যে জিনিসটি আসে তা হলো অর্থানুসারে বাক্যের ৫ প্রকার ব্যবহার যেগুলো হলো:
১) Assertive
২) Intrrrogative
৩) Imperative
৪) Optative
৫) Exclamatory
এর মধ্যে Assertive,Interrogative এবং Imperative এরই কেবল Voice পরিবর্তন হয়,বাকিগুলোর তেমন দরকার পরেনা। তাই আমরা প্রত্যেকটি Sentence কে কেন্দ্র করে এগিয়া যাব।
Assertive Sentence:
Assertive Sentence এর Active এবং Passive structure নিম্নরুপ:
Active: Subject+Verb in present form+object+ext.
Passive:Subjective form of Object+Auxiliary verb(according to tense)+verb in past participle form+ext+by+objective form of subject
Example:
Active: I love flowers.
Passive: Flowers are loved by me.
Active: He was reading an article on the web.
Passive: An article was being read on the web by him.
Active: Subject+Verb in present form+object+ext.
Passive:Subjective form of Object+Auxiliary verb(according to tense)+verb in past participle form+ext+by+objective form of subject
Example:
Active: I love flowers.
Passive: Flowers are loved by me.
Active: He was reading an article on the web.
Passive: An article was being read on the web by him.
এখানে লক্ষণীয় extension part টি সবসময় Verb এর Past Participle এবং by এর মাঝখানে রাখাই উত্তম।
কিছু নিয়ম:
Assertive:
Assertive:
১) যদি কোন বাক্যে ২ টি object থাকে তাহলে যেকোন একটি object কে ধরে পরিবর্তন করলেই হয়,তবে ভালো হয় যদি বস্তবাচক টিকে ধরে করা হয়।
Example:
Active: My mother gifted me a laptop.
Passive: I was gifted a laptop by my mother.
Or, A laptop was gifted me by my mother.
Example:
Active: My mother gifted me a laptop.
Passive: I was gifted a laptop by my mother.
Or, A laptop was gifted me by my mother.
২) Modal Auxiliary/to থাকলে নিচের গঠনটি ফলো করতে হয়।
Active: Subject+Modal Auxiliary/to+ verb in present form+obj
Passive: Object+Modal Auxiliary/to+be+verb in past participle+by+Subject
Example:
Active: I can accomplish the work within two days.
Passive: The work can be accomplished within two days by me.
Active: I am going to complete the unfinished work.
Passive: The unfinished work is going to be completed by me.
Active: You have to do it.
Passive: It has to be done by you.
৩) That দ্বারা ২টি বাক্য যুক্ত হলে দুটি বাক্যেরই পরিবর্তন করতে হয় তবে যদি ২য় অংশে Auxiliary verb যুক্ত sentence থাকে তবে তার পরিবর্তন করতে হয়না।
Example:
Active: He says that he has finished his job in time.
Passive: It(withdraw in the sentence) is said by him that his hob has been finished in time by him.
Active: I know that honesty is the best policy.
Passive: It is known to me that honesty is the best policy.
৪) কিছু কিছু word এর পর preposition by না বসে অন্য কোন Preposition ও বসতে পারে।
যেমন:
Known to
pleased with
seized with
satisfied with
Example:
Active: I satisfy him
Passive: He is satisfied with me.
৫) সাধারণ Assertive sentence এর preposition দ্বারা যুক্ত অংশ টি Object হিসেবে গণ্য হয়না। preposition এর আগের অংশটিকে object ধরে Voice টি change করতে হয়।
Example:
Active: I saw him to do the work.
Passive: He was seen to do the work by me.
Example:
Active: He says that he has finished his job in time.
Passive: It(withdraw in the sentence) is said by him that his hob has been finished in time by him.
Active: I know that honesty is the best policy.
Passive: It is known to me that honesty is the best policy.
৪) কিছু কিছু word এর পর preposition by না বসে অন্য কোন Preposition ও বসতে পারে।
যেমন:
Known to
pleased with
seized with
satisfied with
Example:
Active: I satisfy him
Passive: He is satisfied with me.
৫) সাধারণ Assertive sentence এর preposition দ্বারা যুক্ত অংশ টি Object হিসেবে গণ্য হয়না। preposition এর আগের অংশটিকে object ধরে Voice টি change করতে হয়।
Example:
Active: I saw him to do the work.
Passive: He was seen to do the work by me.
Interrogative :
Interrogative sentence এর জন্য নিচের গঠন ২টি ফলো করা যায়।
i)Active: Auxiliary(along with do/does/did)+Subject+verb+object
Passive: Auxiliary verb+object+verb in past participle+by+subject
Example:
Active: Does he help you?
Passive: Are you helped by him?
Active: Have you done the work?
Passive: Has the work been done by you?
ii) W/H word তথা what/why/which/when/where/who/how এগুলো দিয়ে শুরু হলে নিচের গঠনটি হবে।
Active: W/H word+do/does/did+subject+verb in present form+obj
Passive: W/H word+Auxiliary verb++verb in past participle+by+subject
Note: who দিয়ে sentence শুরু হলে passive করার সময় তা by whom হয়ে যায়,অন্য সকল W/H word হলে সেগুলো অপরিবর্তিত থাকে।
Example:
Active: Which book do you need?
Passive: Which book is needed by you?
Active: Who broke the glass?
Passive: By whom was the glass broken?
Interrogative sentence এর জন্য নিচের গঠন ২টি ফলো করা যায়।
i)Active: Auxiliary(along with do/does/did)+Subject+verb+object
Passive: Auxiliary verb+object+verb in past participle+by+subject
Example:
Active: Does he help you?
Passive: Are you helped by him?
Active: Have you done the work?
Passive: Has the work been done by you?
ii) W/H word তথা what/why/which/when/where/who/how এগুলো দিয়ে শুরু হলে নিচের গঠনটি হবে।
Active: W/H word+do/does/did+subject+verb in present form+obj
Passive: W/H word+Auxiliary verb++verb in past participle+by+subject
Note: who দিয়ে sentence শুরু হলে passive করার সময় তা by whom হয়ে যায়,অন্য সকল W/H word হলে সেগুলো অপরিবর্তিত থাকে।
Example:
Active: Which book do you need?
Passive: Which book is needed by you?
Active: Who broke the glass?
Passive: By whom was the glass broken?
Imperative:
Imperative sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে দু'টি নিয়ম আছে। শুধু মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু হলে একরকম এবং Let দিয়ে শুরু হলে আরেক রকম। দু'টি গঠনই নিচে দেওয়া হলো:
i) Active: Verb+ object/ext.
Passive: Let+obj+be+verb in past participle
Example:
Active: Change the voice.
Passive: Let the voice be changed.
ii) Active: Let+object1+verb in present form+object2
Passive: Let+object2+be+verb in past participle+by+object1
Example:
Active: Let him do the work.
Passive: Let the work be done by him.
Imperative sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে দু'টি নিয়ম আছে। শুধু মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু হলে একরকম এবং Let দিয়ে শুরু হলে আরেক রকম। দু'টি গঠনই নিচে দেওয়া হলো:
i) Active: Verb+ object/ext.
Passive: Let+obj+be+verb in past participle
Example:
Active: Change the voice.
Passive: Let the voice be changed.
ii) Active: Let+object1+verb in present form+object2
Passive: Let+object2+be+verb in past participle+by+object1
Example:
Active: Let him do the work.
Passive: Let the work be done by him.
Tense Pros And Cons | Transformation Of Sentence
Previously we have discussed the basic of Transformation of sentence and Degree. Today we are going to focus on Tense, probably the most important part of English. There are some people who consider Tense as the mother of English. So we can easily understand how significant the role Tense plays in the well understanding of English.
We just have to focus on the basic structures of each type of tenses. As we all know, Tense is mainly of three types such as:
1) Present
2) Past
3) Future
Each of them has four sub-categories. They are:
1) Indefinite
2) Continuous
3) Perfect
4) Perfect Continuous
Here is the chart of total types of tense and their sub categories:
Let's go to the in depth of each type.
Present Indefinite:
Active: subject+ Verb in present form+ Object/ext.
Passive: Subject+am/is/are+verb in past participle form+obj/ext.
Additional: Subject+ am/is/are+noun/adjective/ext.
Example:
Active: I write blog.
passive: Blog is written.
Additional: Blog is a source of income.
Present Continuous:
Active: Subject+am/is/are+verb-ing+object/ext.
Passive: Subject+am/is/are+being+verb in past participle+obj/ext.
Example:
Active: I am watching a cricket match in TV.
passive: A cricket match is being telecast in TV.
Present Perfect:
Active: Subject+Have/has+verb in past participle+obj/ext.
Passive: Subject+have/has+been+verb in past participle+obj/ext.
Example:
Active: I have taken a challenge.
Passive: Challenges have been taken.
Present perfect continuous:
Active: Subject+have/has+been+verb-ing+for/since+time/obj/ext
Note: Since for the definite period of time and 'for' is for indefinite period of time.
Passive: Sub+have/has+been+being+verb in past participle+obj/ext.
Example:
Active: I have been working as a freelancer for two years last.
or, I have been working as a freelancer since 2014.
passive: The content has been being written for last two hours.
Past Indefinite:
Active: Subject+verb in past form+obj
Passive: Subject+was/were+verb in past participle form+obj
Additional: Sub+was/were+obj/ext
Example:
Act: He did the work.
Passive: The work was done.
Additional; I was the first boy in my class.
Past Continuous:
Active: Sub+was/were+verb-ing+obj
passive: Sub+was/were+being+verb in past participle+obj
Example:
Act: I was playing cricket.
Passive: The content was being developed.
Past perfect:
Act: Sub+had+verb in past participle+obj
Passive: sub+ had been+verb in past participle+ obj
Example:
Act: Bangladesh had beaten Newzealand.
Passive: The question papers had been leaked.
Past perfect continuous:
Act: Sub+had been+verb-ing+obj
Passive: Sub+had been being+verb in past participle+obj
Example:
Act: The match had been playing in the ground.
Passive: The ground had been being used for playing cricket.
Future indefinite:
Active: Sub+shall/will+verb in present form+obj
Passive; sub+shall/will+be+verb in past participle form+obj
Example:
Act: I will earn a lot in-sha-Allah.
Passive: A huge some will be donated.
Future Continuous:
Active: Sub+shall/will+be+verb-ing+obj
Passive: Sub+shall/will+be+being+verb in past participle+obj
Example:
Act: I shall be watching a movie.
Passive: A movie will be being watched.
Future perfect:
Active: Sub+shall/will+have+verb in past participle+obj
passive: Sub+shall/will+have been+verb in past participle
Example:
Act: They will have done the work by 2.50 p.m.
Passive: The work will have been done by 2.50 p.m.
Future Perfect Continuous:
Act: Sub+shall/will+have been+verb-ing+obj
passive: Sub+shall/will+have been being+ verb in past participle+obj
Example:
Act: I shall have been writing blog in my website.
Passive: The blog writing will have been being continued.
We just have to focus on the basic structures of each type of tenses. As we all know, Tense is mainly of three types such as:
1) Present
2) Past
3) Future
Each of them has four sub-categories. They are:
1) Indefinite
2) Continuous
3) Perfect
4) Perfect Continuous
Here is the chart of total types of tense and their sub categories:
Let's go to the in depth of each type.
Present Indefinite:
Active: subject+ Verb in present form+ Object/ext.
Passive: Subject+am/is/are+verb in past participle form+obj/ext.
Additional: Subject+ am/is/are+noun/adjective/ext.
Example:
Active: I write blog.
passive: Blog is written.
Additional: Blog is a source of income.
Present Continuous:
Active: Subject+am/is/are+verb-ing+object/ext.
Passive: Subject+am/is/are+being+verb in past participle+obj/ext.
Example:
Active: I am watching a cricket match in TV.
passive: A cricket match is being telecast in TV.
Present Perfect:
Active: Subject+Have/has+verb in past participle+obj/ext.
Passive: Subject+have/has+been+verb in past participle+obj/ext.
Example:
Active: I have taken a challenge.
Passive: Challenges have been taken.
Present perfect continuous:
Active: Subject+have/has+been+verb-ing+for/since+time/obj/ext
Note: Since for the definite period of time and 'for' is for indefinite period of time.
Passive: Sub+have/has+been+being+verb in past participle+obj/ext.
Example:
Active: I have been working as a freelancer for two years last.
or, I have been working as a freelancer since 2014.
passive: The content has been being written for last two hours.
Past Indefinite:
Active: Subject+verb in past form+obj
Passive: Subject+was/were+verb in past participle form+obj
Additional: Sub+was/were+obj/ext
Example:
Act: He did the work.
Passive: The work was done.
Additional; I was the first boy in my class.
Past Continuous:
Active: Sub+was/were+verb-ing+obj
passive: Sub+was/were+being+verb in past participle+obj
Example:
Act: I was playing cricket.
Passive: The content was being developed.
Past perfect:
Act: Sub+had+verb in past participle+obj
Passive: sub+ had been+verb in past participle+ obj
Example:
Act: Bangladesh had beaten Newzealand.
Passive: The question papers had been leaked.
Past perfect continuous:
Act: Sub+had been+verb-ing+obj
Passive: Sub+had been being+verb in past participle+obj
Example:
Act: The match had been playing in the ground.
Passive: The ground had been being used for playing cricket.
Future indefinite:
Active: Sub+shall/will+verb in present form+obj
Passive; sub+shall/will+be+verb in past participle form+obj
Example:
Act: I will earn a lot in-sha-Allah.
Passive: A huge some will be donated.
Future Continuous:
Active: Sub+shall/will+be+verb-ing+obj
Passive: Sub+shall/will+be+being+verb in past participle+obj
Example:
Act: I shall be watching a movie.
Passive: A movie will be being watched.
Future perfect:
Active: Sub+shall/will+have+verb in past participle+obj
passive: Sub+shall/will+have been+verb in past participle
Example:
Act: They will have done the work by 2.50 p.m.
Passive: The work will have been done by 2.50 p.m.
Future Perfect Continuous:
Act: Sub+shall/will+have been+verb-ing+obj
passive: Sub+shall/will+have been being+ verb in past participle+obj
Example:
Act: I shall have been writing blog in my website.
Passive: The blog writing will have been being continued.
Thursday, May 18, 2017
SSC paragraph My Country
The name of our country is Bangladesh. It achieved its independence in 1971 through a bloody war of nine months. Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh. It is not a very big country. The total land area of its is 147570 square k.m. But the density of the population is very high. It is almost beyond the capacity of our country. About 16 million people live in this small country. Bangladesh is mainly an agro-based country. About 80% of the total population is dependent on agriculture either directly or indirectly. the major grown crops are Rice,jute,sugar cane and tea. They grow in plenty. Above 90% people are Muslims. There are people from other religions too like Hindus,Buddhists,Christians etc. The people here are very peace loving. we do not bother which religion one belongs too,We all are bangalees and this is our only identity. The traditional dresses for men are Lungi and Punjabi and sharee for women. Bangladesh is also blessed with many rivers . The Padma, the Meghna,the Jamuna, the Karnaphuly are the most well known rivers in Bangladesh. Bangladesh has many historical and spectacular places all around the country. The Sundarbans, Rangamati and Cox’s Bazar are some of them.. The Royal Bengal Tiger lives in the Sundarbans. Cox’s Bazar is the longest sea beach in the world. It is about 120 k.m long. Every year both from home and abroad many people come and go there to enjoy the serenic beauty of them. I consider myself lucky to be a citizen of this beautiful country. I pray to Allah so that I can breathe my last here.
Easiest Rules To Solve Degree
গত পোস্টে আমরা আলোচনা করছিলাম Degree নিয়ে। পুনরালোচনা করলে দেখা যায় দুইটি রুলসেই আমরা superlative এবং Comparative form নিয়ে কথা বলেছি। কিন্তু আমাদের অনেকেই জানিনা আসলে কোন word এর Superlative and Comparative form কি। আর এতো বিশাল শব্দ ভান্ডারের সব শব্দের superlative and comparative form মুখস্থ করাও সম্ভব নয়।
তাই আসুন একটি সহজ ট্যাকনিক ফলো করি।
যে কোন মূল শব্দ হচ্ছে Positive form। এবং সেই Word টি যদি একবারে উচ্চারণ করা যায় অর্থাৎ এক সিলেবল হয় তাহলে তাকে Comparative করার সময় মূল শব্দের সাথে 'er' এবং Superlative করার সময় মূল শব্দের সাথে 'est' যুক্ত করে দিলেই হয়ে যায়।
আর যে শব্দ গুলো আমরা একবারে উচ্চারণ করতে পারিনা অর্থাৎ এক সিলবলের অধিক তাদেরকে Comparative করার সময় মূল শব্দের আগে 'more' এবং Superlative করার সময় 'most' যুক্ত করলেই হয়ে যায়।
Example:
Positive-Comparative-superlative
tall- taller- tallest
nice-nicer-nicest
smart - smarter- smartest
beautiful- more beautiful- most beautiful
important-more important-most important
ব্যতিক্রম'
positive-comparative-superlative
good-better-best
bad-worse-worst
many-more-most
Degree এর আগের দুইটি রুলস ছাড়াও আরো ৩টি রুলস লক্ষ্য করা যায়। এইগুলো শুধু দুইজনের মধ্যে তুলনা বুঝাতে ব্যবহৃত হয়। এর কোন Superlative হয়না।
১)
Comparative: Subject1+Auxiliary verb+Comparative form+than+Subject2
Positive: Subect2+Auxiliary Verb+not+as+positive form+as+subject1
Example:
Com: He is taller than I.
Pos: I am not as tall as he.
2)
Comparative: Subject1+Auxiliary Verb+not/not less+comparative+than+Subect2
positive: Subect1+Auxiliary Verb+as+positive form+as+Subject2
Example:
Com: He is not taller than I.
Pos: He is as tall as I.
Com: He is not less talented than I.
Pos:He is as talented as I.
৩)
Comparative: Subject1+Auxiliary verb+less+comparative form+than+Subject2
Positive: Subject1+Auxiliary verb+not+as+positive form+as+Subject2
Example:
Com: He is less smarter than I.
Pos: He is not as smart as I.
তাই আসুন একটি সহজ ট্যাকনিক ফলো করি।
যে কোন মূল শব্দ হচ্ছে Positive form। এবং সেই Word টি যদি একবারে উচ্চারণ করা যায় অর্থাৎ এক সিলেবল হয় তাহলে তাকে Comparative করার সময় মূল শব্দের সাথে 'er' এবং Superlative করার সময় মূল শব্দের সাথে 'est' যুক্ত করে দিলেই হয়ে যায়।
আর যে শব্দ গুলো আমরা একবারে উচ্চারণ করতে পারিনা অর্থাৎ এক সিলবলের অধিক তাদেরকে Comparative করার সময় মূল শব্দের আগে 'more' এবং Superlative করার সময় 'most' যুক্ত করলেই হয়ে যায়।
Example:
Positive-Comparative-superlative
tall- taller- tallest
nice-nicer-nicest
smart - smarter- smartest
beautiful- more beautiful- most beautiful
important-more important-most important
ব্যতিক্রম'
positive-comparative-superlative
good-better-best
bad-worse-worst
many-more-most
Degree এর আগের দুইটি রুলস ছাড়াও আরো ৩টি রুলস লক্ষ্য করা যায়। এইগুলো শুধু দুইজনের মধ্যে তুলনা বুঝাতে ব্যবহৃত হয়। এর কোন Superlative হয়না।
১)
Comparative: Subject1+Auxiliary verb+Comparative form+than+Subject2
Positive: Subect2+Auxiliary Verb+not+as+positive form+as+subject1
Example:
Com: He is taller than I.
Pos: I am not as tall as he.
2)
Comparative: Subject1+Auxiliary Verb+not/not less+comparative+than+Subect2
positive: Subect1+Auxiliary Verb+as+positive form+as+Subject2
Example:
Com: He is not taller than I.
Pos: He is as tall as I.
Com: He is not less talented than I.
Pos:He is as talented as I.
৩)
Comparative: Subject1+Auxiliary verb+less+comparative form+than+Subject2
Positive: Subject1+Auxiliary verb+not+as+positive form+as+Subject2
Example:
Com: He is less smarter than I.
Pos: He is not as smart as I.
Easiest Rules & Techniques Of Transformation Of Sentence
হ্যালো, আমাদের অনেকেই বিশেষ করে যারা মাধ্যমিক এবং উচ্চ মাধ্যমিক লেভেলে আছে তারা গ্রামারের এই অংশটিতে সবচেয়ে বেশি সমস্যা ফেইস করে। তাদের জন্যই আজকের বিশেষ ক্লাস। চলুন তবে শুরু করা যাক..
বেসিক ধারনা: Transformation কে যদি আমরা ভাঙি তাহলে দেখা যায় আমরা শুধু ফরমেশন কিংবা গঠনের পরিবর্তন করতে পারব কিন্তু অর্থের কোন পরিবর্তন করা যাবেনা।
সুতরাং বলা যায়,বাক্যের অর্থ অপরিবর্তিত রেখে বাক্যের গঠন এবং বাহ্যিক রুপের যে পরিবর্তন তাকেই Transformation of Sentence বলে।
Transformation of Sentence এর মধ্যে অন্তর্ভুক্ত বেশ কিছু পার্ট আছে। সেগুলো হলো:
১) Degree
২) Voice
৩) Sentence 5 types (অর্থানুসারে বাক্যের প্রকারভেদ)
৪) Sentence 3 Types (গঠনানুসে বাক্যের প্রকারভেদ)
এই ৪টি অংশের সমন্বয়ে Transformation of Sentence করা হয়।
আজ প্রথমদিন আমরা আলোচনা করব Degree নিয়ে।
Degree:
Degree বা স্তর মানে হলো Adjective এর স্তর।
Degree ৩ প্রকার। যথা:
১)Superlative
২) Comparative
৩) Positive
Transformation of Sentence এর সবচেয়ে সহজ অংশ। এর জন্য আমরা শুধু গঠন প্রণালি ফলো করব।
১) কেবল 'The' যুক্ত Superlative কে Comparative এবং Positive করার নিয়ম:
Superlative: Subject+the+Superlative form+obj/Ext.
Comparative: Subject+Comparative Form+than any other/than anything else+obj/ext.
Positive: No other+obj/ext.+Auxiliary verb/verb+as/so+positive form+as+Subject
Example :
Super: The tiger is the mighties animal in the world.
com: The tiger is mightier than any other animal in the world.
pos: No other animal in the world is as mighty as the tiger.
Super: Honesty is the best.
com: Honesty is better than anything else
Pos: No other thing are as good as honesty.
২) 'one of the' যুক্ত Superlative বেলায়:
Superlative: Subject+one of the+superlative form+obj/ext.
Comparative: Subject+comparative form+than most other+obj/ext.
Positive: Very few+obj/ext.+Auxiliar Verb(plural form)/ Verb+as/so+positive form+as+Subject
Example:
Super: Corruption is one of the most burning questions in our country.
com: Corruption is more burning than most other questions in our country.
pos: Very few questions in our country are so burning as corruption.
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