এরপর যে জিনিসটি আসে তা হলো অর্থানুসারে বাক্যের ৫ প্রকার ব্যবহার যেগুলো হলো:
১) Assertive
২) Intrrrogative
৩) Imperative
৪) Optative
৫) Exclamatory
এর মধ্যে Assertive,Interrogative এবং Imperative এরই কেবল Voice পরিবর্তন হয়,বাকিগুলোর তেমন দরকার পরেনা। তাই আমরা প্রত্যেকটি Sentence কে কেন্দ্র করে এগিয়া যাব।
Assertive Sentence:
Assertive Sentence এর Active এবং Passive structure নিম্নরুপ:
Active: Subject+Verb in present form+object+ext.
Passive:Subjective form of Object+Auxiliary verb(according to tense)+verb in past participle form+ext+by+objective form of subject
Example:
Active: I love flowers.
Passive: Flowers are loved by me.
Active: He was reading an article on the web.
Passive: An article was being read on the web by him.
Active: Subject+Verb in present form+object+ext.
Passive:Subjective form of Object+Auxiliary verb(according to tense)+verb in past participle form+ext+by+objective form of subject
Example:
Active: I love flowers.
Passive: Flowers are loved by me.
Active: He was reading an article on the web.
Passive: An article was being read on the web by him.
এখানে লক্ষণীয় extension part টি সবসময় Verb এর Past Participle এবং by এর মাঝখানে রাখাই উত্তম।
কিছু নিয়ম:
Assertive:
Assertive:
১) যদি কোন বাক্যে ২ টি object থাকে তাহলে যেকোন একটি object কে ধরে পরিবর্তন করলেই হয়,তবে ভালো হয় যদি বস্তবাচক টিকে ধরে করা হয়।
Example:
Active: My mother gifted me a laptop.
Passive: I was gifted a laptop by my mother.
Or, A laptop was gifted me by my mother.
Example:
Active: My mother gifted me a laptop.
Passive: I was gifted a laptop by my mother.
Or, A laptop was gifted me by my mother.
২) Modal Auxiliary/to থাকলে নিচের গঠনটি ফলো করতে হয়।
Active: Subject+Modal Auxiliary/to+ verb in present form+obj
Passive: Object+Modal Auxiliary/to+be+verb in past participle+by+Subject
Example:
Active: I can accomplish the work within two days.
Passive: The work can be accomplished within two days by me.
Active: I am going to complete the unfinished work.
Passive: The unfinished work is going to be completed by me.
Active: You have to do it.
Passive: It has to be done by you.
৩) That দ্বারা ২টি বাক্য যুক্ত হলে দুটি বাক্যেরই পরিবর্তন করতে হয় তবে যদি ২য় অংশে Auxiliary verb যুক্ত sentence থাকে তবে তার পরিবর্তন করতে হয়না।
Example:
Active: He says that he has finished his job in time.
Passive: It(withdraw in the sentence) is said by him that his hob has been finished in time by him.
Active: I know that honesty is the best policy.
Passive: It is known to me that honesty is the best policy.
৪) কিছু কিছু word এর পর preposition by না বসে অন্য কোন Preposition ও বসতে পারে।
যেমন:
Known to
pleased with
seized with
satisfied with
Example:
Active: I satisfy him
Passive: He is satisfied with me.
৫) সাধারণ Assertive sentence এর preposition দ্বারা যুক্ত অংশ টি Object হিসেবে গণ্য হয়না। preposition এর আগের অংশটিকে object ধরে Voice টি change করতে হয়।
Example:
Active: I saw him to do the work.
Passive: He was seen to do the work by me.
Example:
Active: He says that he has finished his job in time.
Passive: It(withdraw in the sentence) is said by him that his hob has been finished in time by him.
Active: I know that honesty is the best policy.
Passive: It is known to me that honesty is the best policy.
৪) কিছু কিছু word এর পর preposition by না বসে অন্য কোন Preposition ও বসতে পারে।
যেমন:
Known to
pleased with
seized with
satisfied with
Example:
Active: I satisfy him
Passive: He is satisfied with me.
৫) সাধারণ Assertive sentence এর preposition দ্বারা যুক্ত অংশ টি Object হিসেবে গণ্য হয়না। preposition এর আগের অংশটিকে object ধরে Voice টি change করতে হয়।
Example:
Active: I saw him to do the work.
Passive: He was seen to do the work by me.
Interrogative :
Interrogative sentence এর জন্য নিচের গঠন ২টি ফলো করা যায়।
i)Active: Auxiliary(along with do/does/did)+Subject+verb+object
Passive: Auxiliary verb+object+verb in past participle+by+subject
Example:
Active: Does he help you?
Passive: Are you helped by him?
Active: Have you done the work?
Passive: Has the work been done by you?
ii) W/H word তথা what/why/which/when/where/who/how এগুলো দিয়ে শুরু হলে নিচের গঠনটি হবে।
Active: W/H word+do/does/did+subject+verb in present form+obj
Passive: W/H word+Auxiliary verb++verb in past participle+by+subject
Note: who দিয়ে sentence শুরু হলে passive করার সময় তা by whom হয়ে যায়,অন্য সকল W/H word হলে সেগুলো অপরিবর্তিত থাকে।
Example:
Active: Which book do you need?
Passive: Which book is needed by you?
Active: Who broke the glass?
Passive: By whom was the glass broken?
Interrogative sentence এর জন্য নিচের গঠন ২টি ফলো করা যায়।
i)Active: Auxiliary(along with do/does/did)+Subject+verb+object
Passive: Auxiliary verb+object+verb in past participle+by+subject
Example:
Active: Does he help you?
Passive: Are you helped by him?
Active: Have you done the work?
Passive: Has the work been done by you?
ii) W/H word তথা what/why/which/when/where/who/how এগুলো দিয়ে শুরু হলে নিচের গঠনটি হবে।
Active: W/H word+do/does/did+subject+verb in present form+obj
Passive: W/H word+Auxiliary verb++verb in past participle+by+subject
Note: who দিয়ে sentence শুরু হলে passive করার সময় তা by whom হয়ে যায়,অন্য সকল W/H word হলে সেগুলো অপরিবর্তিত থাকে।
Example:
Active: Which book do you need?
Passive: Which book is needed by you?
Active: Who broke the glass?
Passive: By whom was the glass broken?
Imperative:
Imperative sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে দু'টি নিয়ম আছে। শুধু মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু হলে একরকম এবং Let দিয়ে শুরু হলে আরেক রকম। দু'টি গঠনই নিচে দেওয়া হলো:
i) Active: Verb+ object/ext.
Passive: Let+obj+be+verb in past participle
Example:
Active: Change the voice.
Passive: Let the voice be changed.
ii) Active: Let+object1+verb in present form+object2
Passive: Let+object2+be+verb in past participle+by+object1
Example:
Active: Let him do the work.
Passive: Let the work be done by him.
Imperative sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে দু'টি নিয়ম আছে। শুধু মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু হলে একরকম এবং Let দিয়ে শুরু হলে আরেক রকম। দু'টি গঠনই নিচে দেওয়া হলো:
i) Active: Verb+ object/ext.
Passive: Let+obj+be+verb in past participle
Example:
Active: Change the voice.
Passive: Let the voice be changed.
ii) Active: Let+object1+verb in present form+object2
Passive: Let+object2+be+verb in past participle+by+object1
Example:
Active: Let him do the work.
Passive: Let the work be done by him.
